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California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger Signs Budget That Cuts $52M From HIV/AIDS Programs
California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) on Tuesday signed a state budget in which he made $489 million in line-item veto cuts that "will affect child welfare and children"s health care, the elderly, state parks and AIDS treatment and prevention, going beyond the dramatic cuts that were part of the deal Schwarzenegger negotiated with legislative leaders," the Los Angeles Times reports (Rothfeld/Goldmacher, 7/28). "Services for people with AIDS, which had previously been spared by the Legislature, were reduced by $52 million by Schwarzenegger on Tuesday. That cut will mean no state spending on HIV/AIDS prevention, testing, education or housing services for people with the disease. The state will continue paying for AIDS medications and for tracking the epidemic," the San Francisco Chronicle reports (Buchanan, 7/29). Schwarzenegger said, "The legislators have given me a budget with a $156 million negative reserve, so now I had to go in over this weekend and work with my team and make additional cuts." He added, "That"s ugly, when already we have cut so much, and then we had to make additional cuts" (Steinhauer, New York Times, 7/28). Mark Cloutier, executive director of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, said of the cuts to HIV/AIDS programs, "This means there are going to be more people who are HIV-positive who are unwittingly infecting others" (Buchanan, 7/29).
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Breastfeeding Can Save 1.3M Children Annually, WHO Says To Mark World Breastfeeding Week
About 1.3 million children"s lives could be saved each year by teaching new mothers how to breastfeed, but many women do not receive help and stop trying, the WHO said on Friday ahead of the start of World Breastfeeding Week, which runs from August 1 through August 7, Reuters reports. "Less than 40 percent of mothers worldwide breastfeed their infants exclusively in the first six months, as recommended by the WHO," the news service writes. Constanza Vallenas, a WHO medical officer in the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, said women "don"t have the practical support" to help them get their infants to latch on properly and find a technique that prevents pain and discomfort. Vallenas said the problem exists in both rich and poor countries, and she called for "more assistance in hospitals, health clinics and communities for new mothers who need information and help," according to Reuters (MacInnis, 7/31).
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New Form Of Targeted Antibody Therapy Offers Further Hope To Patients With Incurable HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Final results from a phase II study presented at ASCO show that 25% of women with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer experienced significant shrinkage of their tumours, when treated with a first in class combination antibody called trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1). T-DM1 potentially represents another option for patients with metastatic disease, for which there is no cure.
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Discovery Of Novel Gene

Researchers in the Heart Institute at Cincinnati Children"s Hospital Medical Center have discovered a novel gene responsible for heart muscle disease and chronic heart failure in some children and adults with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mutations in the ANKRD1 gene may cause DCM, which is the most common cause of chronic heart failure in young people and the most common reason for heart transplant. ANKRD1 is a gene that encodes a protein that plays a role in the structure and functional ability of the heart. The study, conducted internationally, is published in the July 21 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, which goes online July 13. "Our study indicates that variants in ANKRD1 result in dysfunction of the contraction apparatus and signaling machinery of the heart - the method by which cells communicate to influence heart function," says Jeffrey Towbin, M.D., co-director of the Heart Institute and director of cardiology at Cincinnati Children"s. "This clarifies the mechanisms by which these inherited mutations cause disease in a subset of DCM patients." DCM is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently. The decreased heart function can affect the lungs, liver, kidneys and other body systems. DCM is one of the cardiomyopathies, a group of diseases that primarily affect the heart muscle. Cardiomyopathies have different causes and affect the heart in a variety of ways. In DCM the major pumping chamber of the heart, the left ventricle, is dilated, often without any obvious cause. DCM occurs more frequently in men than in women and is most common between the ages of 20 and 60 years, although it also occurs in fetuses, newborns and children. About one in three cases of congestive heart failure is due to DCM, which also occurs in children. Dr. Towbin and his colleagues screened 208 patients, mostly children and young adults, with DCM for gene mutations. They found three, disease-associated variants of the ANKRD1 gene. All four patients carrying the variants were male. This prevalence rate is consistent with prevalence data for most of the other known genes associated with DCM. This finding confirms previous gene discoveries by Dr. Towbin"s group. It also "provides us with a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms involved in the development of this disease and will enable better genetic testing and new treatments to be devised to improve outcomes of this serious disease," according to Dr. Towbin. The study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Children"s Cardiomyopathy Foundation and the Abby Glaser Children"s Heart Fund. Collaborating institutions included Texas Children"s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, the Medical Faculty Mannheim at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, the Institute of Cardiovascular Science and University College in London in the United Kingdom, and the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan. Dr. Tobwin is co-author of another study in the same issue of JACC showing that the ANKRD1 gene also causes a different clinical form of cardiomyopathy. Nick Miller Cincinnati Children"s Hospital Medical Center


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