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Tension In Axons Is Essential For Synaptic Signaling, Researchers Report
Every time a neuron sends a signal - to move a muscle or form a memory, for example - tiny membrane-bound compartments, called vesicles, dump neurotransmitters into the synapse between the cells. Researchers report that this process, which is fundamental to the workings of the nervous system, relies on a simple mechanical reality: Tension in the axon of the presynaptic neuron is required.
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New Target In Fight Against Osteoporosis, Periodontitis Identified By Dental Researchers
Osteoporosis and periodontitis are common diseases whose sufferers must cope with weakness, injury and reduced function as they lose bone more quickly than it is formed. While the mechanism of bone destruction in these diseases is understood, scientists have had less information about how bone formation is impaired.
News of the day
Largest Ever Study Of Suicide In The Military
Four of the nation"s leading experts in suicide research, including Dr. John Mann of Columbia University Medical Center, will carry out the largest study of suicide and mental health among military personnel ever undertaken, with $50 million in funding from the U.S. Army. The announcement came today from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which signed a memorandum of agreement with the Army in October 2008 authorizing the NIMH to undertake the investigation with Army funding. Study investigators aim to move quickly to identify risk and protective factors for suicide among soldiers and provide a science base for effective and practical interventions to reduce suicide rates and address associated mental health problems.
Diagnostics

Identification Of New Breast Cancer-Promoting Gene

A team of researchers, at the Genome Institute of Singapore, has identified a new gene that seems to contribute to aggressive breast cancer behavior. As discussed in an accompanying commentary, by Gordon Mills and colleagues, the data generated in this study provide new insight into cellular processes underlying tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and identify potential new therapeutic targets. In the study, a new informatics approach was used to analyze microarray expression profiles of primary human breast cancers and the gene RCP was identified as a potential breast cancer-promoting gene. Importantly, this gene is found in a region of the genome frequently amplified in human breast cancer. In vitro analysis indicated that overexpression of RCP protein in normal human breast epithelial cells caused them to acquire tumor cell characteristics and function. Conversely, decreasing expression of RCP protein in human breast cancer cell lines reduced their in vitro tumor cell characteristics and in vivo ability to form tumors and metastasize when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Further analysis identified some of the molecules affected by RCP overexpression, including the known tumor-promoting protein RAS. These data led the authors to suggest that one mechanism by which RCP promotes breast cancer is likely to be through activation of the RAS signaling pathway and that targeting RCP might provide a way to therapeutically inhibit this known tumor-promoting pathway. TITLE: RCP is a human breast cancer-promoting gene with Ras-activating function https://www.the-jci.org/article.php?id=37622 AUTHOR CONTACT: Lance David Miller Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. Bing Lim Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. ACCOMPANYING COMMENTARY TITLE: Genomic amplicons target vesicle recycling in breast cancer https://www.the-jci.org/article.php?id=40256 AUTHOR CONTACT: Gordon B. Mills University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Karen Honey Journal of Clinical Investigation


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