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New Study Pinpoints Difference In The Way Children With Autism Learn New Behaviors
Researchers from the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have collaborated to uncover important new insights into the neurological basis of autism. Their new study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, examined patterns of movement as children with autism and typically developing children learned to control a novel tool. The findings suggest that children with autism appear to learn new actions differently than do typically developing children. As compared to their typically developing peers, children with autism relied much more on their own internal sense of body position (proprioception), rather than visual information coming from the external world to learn new patterns of movement. Furthermore, researchers found that the greater the reliance on proprioception, the greater the child"s impairment in social skills, motor skills and imitation.
Diagnostics

Southampton Eye Unit Offers Uk's Most Advanced Corneal Surgery

Two of the UK"s top ophthalmologists based at Southampton General Hospital"s Eye Unit are offering the most advanced treatment for corneal disease in the country. Consultants David Anderson and Parwez Hossain have carried out around 30 operations to treat Fuchs" endothelial dystrophy, a common condition that causes blurred vision in later life, using a technique known as Descemet"s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK). The pair developed the new procedure from their existing methods of lamellar corneal surgery. In the past, patients undergoing surgery for the complaint would have needed a complete corneal transplant, resulting in a longer recovery period and a higher chance of rejection. Now, thanks to the progression of DSEK, surgeons can remove the damaged area of the cornea and transplant just a thin layer - 0.15 millimetres - of donor tissue. The benefits of the procedure, which is performed by few specialists due to its complexity, include better quality vision and a faster, more comfortable recovery period. Widespread use of DSEK at the eye unit has been made possible due to the success of Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust"s organ donor programme and the unit"s status as one of only ten national eye retrieval centres. "David and I are delighted to have firmly established DSEK here in Southampton and we hope to further increase its use over time," said Mr Hossain. "Because we do not need to cut so much tissue, it allows patients to have faster recovery, better vision and, importantly, less graft rejection because we are only transplanting on a very small scale." The development of the procedure is supported by state-of-the-art optical coherence tomography (OCT) equipment employed by the eye unit, which provides high resolution images of the cornea via infrared light - meaning it requires no contact with the eye. Mr Hossain added: "The OCT tool has given us the opportunity to make major progress in obtaining information about the cornea without making patients uncomfortable, as previously it was necessary to make contact with the eye." Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust


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