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CDC, National Chlamydia Coalition Partner To Raise Awareness, Testing Rates
The National Chlamydia Coalition is partnering with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to increase public awareness and screening efforts for chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S., the Wall Street Journal reports. According to CDC, there were 1.1 million recorded cases of chlamydia in 2007, although experts estimate that there are twice as many cases that are not detected largely because the infection often causes few symptoms and many people go unscreened. The infection is three times more common in women than men, which experts say could be because men eliminate it from their bodies more readily than women. Chlamydia is treatable with a single dose of antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can lead to infertility or increased risk for ectopic pregnancies in women.CDC recommends that all sexually active women younger than age 26 be tested annually for the infection, as well as older women who have had a change of sexual partners. However, fewer than 40% of women in those groups are tested, the Journal reports. Chlamydia is particularly prevalent in women ages 15 to 19 and blacks, although sample studies have shown nearly 10% of all female Army recruits, 10% of female college freshmen and 14% of women in managed care plans are infected with chlamydia.Despite its prevalence, chlamydia is one of the least known STIs, which has compounded the difficulty of promoting screening efforts, the Journal reports. It causes few symptoms, and many people are unaware they were exposed to it. According to the Journal, many patients do not ask to be screened for the disease because the few symptoms it causes -- such as bleeding between periods, occasional vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, pelvic pain in women, and burning upon urination in men -- are common to many conditions. While most screening efforts aim to identify active cases in younger women, there is a serious risk of infertility to older women who were exposed to the bacteria when they were younger, the Journal reports.According to the Journal, the chlamydia bacteria can move to a woman"s upper genital tract and set off pelvic inflammatory disease, which often leaves inflammation and scar tissue that obstructs a woman"s fallopian tubes and fertilization. PID is the most common cause of ectopic pregnancy and can cause endometriosis, a condition in which small portions of the uterine lining tissue grow outside the uterus, which can cause infertility and pain. Miklos Toth, a New York City-based ob-gyn, said, "It"s not the infection itself but the body"s response to get rid of the bacteria that causes scarring. And even if just some fragments of the bacteria remain, the immune system thinks an active infection is still present."According to the Journal, about 25% of women treated for chlamydia are re-infected within six months likely because of a partner who was not treated. CDC recommends that doctors prescribe a second course of antibiotics for partners of people with the infection. However, many doctors do not screen for or discuss chlamydia during office visits with their patients, especially pediatricians who may be uncomfortable discussing sexual activity with their younger patients, the Journal reports. Lynn Barclay, president of the American Social Health Association, said, "A lot of health care providers aren"t making the connection when they are dealing with adolescents. But to pretend that teenagers aren"t having sex is very dangerous."The Journal reports that the issue of how minors can pay for chlamydia testing can also create barriers. All 50 states allow minors to be tested and treated for STIs without parental consent. However, if a minor"s health insurance is provided by his or her parents, a lab fee listed on an explanation of benefits report for the testing could be considered a breach of confidentiality. Although some doctors suggest that minors pay the $40 to $90 cost for the test in cash, many refer younger patients to STI or family planning clinics that offer low- or no-cost testing. The Jour
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Introducing The Pioneering XTRAC Velocity™ Excimer Laser: Delivers Psoriasis And Vitiligo Treatments Three Times Faster
PhotoMedex, Inc. (NASDAQ: PHMD), a leader in the development of proprietary excimer laser and fiber optic systems as well as other products for dermatological applications, announced the availability of its groundbreaking XTRAC Velocity™ Excimer Laser, a device expected to redefine laser treatment options for patients suffering from psoriasis and vitiligo.
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Atrium Medical Receives CE Mark For Its CinatraTM CoCr Coronary Stent System
Atrium Medical is pleased to announce that is has received CE Mark for a new generation Cobalt Chromium Coronary Stent System called Cinatra™. Cinatra™ is indicated for the treatment of coronary artery occlusive disease.
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Stem Cell Surprise For Tissue Regeneration

Scientists working at the Carnegie Institution"s Department of Embryology, with colleagues, have overturned previous research that identified critical genes for making muscle stem cells. It turns out that the genes that make muscle stem cells in the embryo are surprisingly not needed in adult muscle stem cells to regenerate muscles after injury. The finding challenges the current course of research into muscular dystrophy, muscle injury, and regenerative medicine, which uses stem cells for healing tissues, and it favours using age-matched stem cells for therapy. The study is published in the June 25 advance on-line edition of Nature. Previous studies have shown that two genes Pax3 and Pax7, are essential for making the embryonic and neonatal muscle stem cells in the mouse. Lead researcher Christoph Lepper, a predoctoral fellow in Carnegie"s Chen-Ming Fan"s lab and a Johns Hopkins student, for the first time looked at these two genes in promoting stem cells at varying stages of muscle growth in live mice after birth. As Christoph explained: "The paired-box genes, Pax3 and Pax7 are involved in the development of the skeletal muscles. It is well established that both genes are needed to produce muscle stem cells in the embryo. A previous student, Alice Chen, studied how these genes are turned on in embryonic muscle stem cells (also published in Nature). I thought that if they are so important in the embryo, they must be important for adult muscle stem cells. Using genetic tricks, I was able to suppress both genes in the adult muscle stem cells. I was totally surprised to find that the muscle stem cells are normal without them." The researchers then looked at whether the same was true upon injury, after which the repair process requires muscle stem cells to make new muscles. For this, they injured the leg muscles between the knee and ankle. They were again surprised that these muscle stem cells, without the two key embryonic muscle stem cell genes, could generate muscles as well as normal muscle stem cells. They even performed a second round of injury and found that the stem cells were still active. The scientists then wondered when these genes become unnecessary for muscle stem cells to regenerate muscles. It turned out that these embryonic genes are important to muscle stem cell creation up to the first three weeks after birth. What makes the muscle stem cells different after three weeks? The scientist believe that these two embryonic muscle stem cell genes also tell the stem cells to become quiet as the organism matures. After that time is reached, they "hand over" their jobs to a different set of genes. The researchers suggest that since the adult muscle stem cells are only activated when injury occurs (by trauma or exercise), they use a new set of genes from those used during embryonic development, which proceeds without injury. The scientists are eager to find these adult muscle stem cell genes. "We are just beginning to learn the basics of stem cell biology, and there are many surprises," remarked Allan Spradling, director of Carnegie"s Department of Embryology. "This work illustrates the importance of carrying out basic research using animal models before rushing into the clinic with half-baked therapies." The research was funded by the Carnegie Institution, NIH, and the Riley Children"s Foundation. Listen to the scientist in his own words here. Christoph Lepper Carnegie Institution


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